{"id":9,"date":"2025-05-23T11:26:20","date_gmt":"2025-05-23T11:26:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibfaworld.com\/?page_id=9"},"modified":"2025-08-28T10:36:19","modified_gmt":"2025-08-28T10:36:19","slug":"home","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ibfaworld.com\/es\/","title":{"rendered":"Inicio"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"9\" class=\"elementor elementor-9\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59e8652 sticky-header she-header-yes she-header-transparent-yes e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"59e8652\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;transparent&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;transparent_header_show&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;background_show&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;background&quot;:&quot;#29228AE8&quot;,&quot;transparent_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;],&quot;scroll_distance&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:60,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;scroll_distance_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;scroll_distance_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;she_offset_top&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:0,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;she_offset_top_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;she_offset_top_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;she_width&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:100,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;she_width_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;she_width_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;she_padding&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:0,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:0,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;she_padding_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;she_padding_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true}}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4da63c8 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-site-logo\" data-id=\"4da63c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;width_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;width_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;space&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;space_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;space_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;image_border_radius&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;image_border_radius_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;image_border_radius_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;caption_padding&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;caption_padding_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;caption_padding_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;caption_space&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:0,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;caption_space_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;caption_space_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"site-logo.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hfe-site-logo\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"\"  class='elementor-clickable' href=\"https:\/\/ibfaworld.com\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hfe-site-logo-set\">           \n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hfe-site-logo-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"hfe-site-logo-img elementor-animation-\"  src=\"https:\/\/ibfaworld.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/\u041b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f_1__5_-removebg-preview-1-1.png\" alt=\"\u041b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f_1__5_-removebg-preview-1.png\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-407746a hfe-nav-menu__align-center hfe-submenu-icon-arrow hfe-submenu-animation-none hfe-link-redirect-child hfe-nav-menu__breakpoint-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-navigation-menu\" data-id=\"407746a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;padding_horizontal_menu_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:15,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_menu_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_menu_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_menu_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:15,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_menu_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_menu_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_space_between&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_space_between_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_space_between_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_row_space&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_row_space_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;menu_row_space_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;dropdown_border_radius&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;dropdown_border_radius_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;dropdown_border_radius_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;width_dropdown_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;220&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;width_dropdown_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;width_dropdown_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_dropdown_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_dropdown_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_horizontal_dropdown_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_dropdown_item&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:15,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_dropdown_item_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;padding_vertical_dropdown_item_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;distance_from_menu&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;distance_from_menu_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;distance_from_menu_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_size&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_size_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_size_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_width&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_width_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_width_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_radius&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_radius_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;toggle_border_radius_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"navigation-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hfe-nav-menu hfe-layout-horizontal hfe-nav-menu-layout horizontal hfe-pointer__none\" data-layout=\"horizontal\">\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"button\" class=\"hfe-nav-menu__toggle elementor-clickable\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Menu Toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Men\u00fa<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hfe-nav-menu-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\"  class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-align-justify\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M432 416H16a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h416a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-128H16a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h416a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-128H16a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h416a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-128H16A16 16 0 0 0 0 48v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h416a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V48a16 16 0 0 0-16-16z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<nav itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/SiteNavigationElement\" class=\"hfe-nav-menu__layout-horizontal hfe-nav-menu__submenu-arrow\" data-toggle-icon=\"&lt;svg aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; tabindex=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-align-justify&quot; viewBox=&quot;0 0 448 512&quot; xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M432 416H16a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h416a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-128H16a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h416a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-128H16a16 16 0 0 0-16 16v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h416a16 16 0 0 0 16-16v-32a16 16 0 0 0-16-16zm0-128H16A16 16 0 0 0 0 48v32a16 16 0 0 0 16 16h416a16 16 0 0 0 16-16V48a16 16 0 0 0-16-16z&quot;&gt;&lt;\/path&gt;&lt;\/svg&gt;\" data-close-icon=\"&lt;svg aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; tabindex=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-far-window-close&quot; viewBox=&quot;0 0 512 512&quot; xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M464 32H48C21.5 32 0 53.5 0 80v352c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h416c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48V80c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48zm0 394c0 3.3-2.7 6-6 6H54c-3.3 0-6-2.7-6-6V86c0-3.3 2.7-6 6-6h404c3.3 0 6 2.7 6 6v340zM356.5 194.6L295.1 256l61.4 61.4c4.6 4.6 4.6 12.1 0 16.8l-22.3 22.3c-4.6 4.6-12.1 4.6-16.8 0L256 295.1l-61.4 61.4c-4.6 4.6-12.1 4.6-16.8 0l-22.3-22.3c-4.6-4.6-4.6-12.1 0-16.8l61.4-61.4-61.4-61.4c-4.6-4.6-4.6-12.1 0-16.8l22.3-22.3c4.6-4.6 12.1-4.6 16.8 0l61.4 61.4 61.4-61.4c4.6-4.6 12.1-4.6 16.8 0l22.3 22.3c4.7 4.6 4.7 12.1 0 16.8z&quot;&gt;&lt;\/path&gt;&lt;\/svg&gt;\" data-full-width=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-407746a\" class=\"hfe-nav-menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-49\" itemprop=\"name\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ibfaworld.com\/es\/\" itemprop=\"url\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Home<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-53\" itemprop=\"name\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ibfaworld.com\/es\/documents\/\" itemprop=\"url\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Documents<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-64\" itemprop=\"name\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ibfaworld.com\/es\/members\/\" itemprop=\"url\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Members<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-114\" itemprop=\"name\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ibfaworld.com\/es\/joining\/\" itemprop=\"url\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Joining<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-126\" itemprop=\"name\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ibfaworld.com\/es\/contacts\/\" itemprop=\"url\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\">Contacts<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-204\" itemprop=\"name\" class=\"trp-language-switcher-container menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-language_switcher current-language-menu-item parent hfe-creative-menu\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ibfaworld.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9#TRPLINKPROCESSED\" itemprop=\"url\" class = \"hfe-menu-item\"><span data-no-translation><span class=\"trp-ls-language-name\">English<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul> \n\t\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c179347 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5c179347\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d420199 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7d420199\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">International Business &amp; Finance Association<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2faec747 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2faec747\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-520\" data-scroll-anchor=\"true\"><div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto py-5 [--thread-content-margin:--spacing(4)] @[37rem]:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(6)] @[72rem]:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(16)] px-(--thread-content-margin)\"><div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:32rem] @[34rem]:[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @[64rem]:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto flex max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 text-base gap-4 md:gap-5 lg:gap-6 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"group\/conversation-turn relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\"><div class=\"relative flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col grow\"><div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"7b9d6439-5dcc-4835-924d-54fbb7b30fdd\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-4o\"><div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\"><div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full break-words light\"><p data-start=\"24\" data-end=\"188\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u041e\u0431&#8217;\u0454\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0454\u043c\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u0431\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441-\u043b\u0456\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0456\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f\u043c, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044e \u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0443 \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0456<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ae0aa30 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2ae0aa30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/white-dinosaur-207102.hostingersite.com\/joining\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">JOINING THE ASSOTIATION<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9116427 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9116427\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-169470c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"169470c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7657967 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7657967\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">About the Association<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e133e19 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e133e19\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1246856 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1246856\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f55357e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f55357e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2280\" height=\"961\" src=\"https:\/\/ibfaworld.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/\u041b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f-2-_5_.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-35\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibfaworld.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/\u041b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f-2-_5_.webp 2280w, https:\/\/ibfaworld.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/\u041b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f-2-_5_-300x126.webp 300w, https:\/\/ibfaworld.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/\u041b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f-2-_5_-1024x432.webp 1024w, https:\/\/ibfaworld.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/\u041b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f-2-_5_-768x324.webp 768w, https:\/\/ibfaworld.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/\u041b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f-2-_5_-1536x647.webp 1536w, https:\/\/ibfaworld.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/\u041b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f-2-_5_-2048x863.webp 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2280px) 100vw, 2280px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3edc3b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"3edc3b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"display: flex; gap: 20px; justify-content: center; flex-wrap: wrap; font-family: sans-serif; margin: 40px 0;\">\r\n\r\n  <div style=\"background-color: #00c4e8; color: white; padding: 25px; border-radius: 12px; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); max-width: 320px; flex: 1;\">\r\n    The International Business and Finance Association is an international non-profit organization established in 2017. It brings together leaders and successful entrepreneurs from various business sectors to develop partnerships, share experiences and support global economic growth.\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div style=\"background-color: #00c4e8; color: white; padding: 25px; border-radius: 12px; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); max-width: 320px; flex: 1;\">\r\n    Association brings together leaders who adhere to clear principles: <strong>professionalism<\/strong>, <strong>experience<\/strong>, <strong>responsibility<\/strong>, and an environmentally conscious approach to business. Only those who share these principles and meet high standards can join our community. Membership in the Association is a recognition of business reputation, expertise, and willingness to act for the benefit of a common goal.\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div style=\"background-color: #00c4e8; color: white; padding: 25px; border-radius: 12px; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); max-width: 320px; flex: 1;\">\r\n    Since 2017, we have been bringing together recognized leaders in their respective industries, forming a powerful international platform for sharing experiences, supporting and jointly addressing strategic challenges facing the global business environment. We create an environment where ideas are born, partnerships are formed, and solutions that can change the future are implemented.\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02c82c3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"02c82c3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d06c587 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d06c587\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96bfcd4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96bfcd4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Our mission\n\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94c03e5 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"94c03e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aaabfba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aaabfba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>To drive innovation in business, inspire entrepreneurs to develop and provide them with support to stay one step ahead.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04c1bda e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"04c1bda\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7399ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d7399ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1382\" height=\"556\" src=\"https:\/\/ibfaworld.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e-3-_2_.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-37\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibfaworld.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e-3-_2_.webp 1382w, https:\/\/ibfaworld.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e-3-_2_-300x121.webp 300w, https:\/\/ibfaworld.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e-3-_2_-1024x412.webp 1024w, https:\/\/ibfaworld.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e-3-_2_-768x309.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1382px) 100vw, 1382px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc6ce06 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"bc6ce06\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18ee7f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"18ee7f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a92f0a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a92f0a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-000521e elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"000521e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcb9001 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dcb9001\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Privileges of Participation in the Association:\n\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f428831 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f428831\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de2eae1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"de2eae1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"font-family: sans-serif; background-color: #1e0d75; padding: 40px;\">\r\n\r\n  <div style=\"display: flex; align-items: center; background-color: #00c4e8; border-radius: 10px; padding: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.3); color: #000;\">\r\n    <div style=\"background-color: #2d0e7f; color: white; width: 60px; height: 60px; border-radius: 50%; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; margin-right: 20px;\">1<\/div>\r\n    <div style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Free Consultations.<\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div style=\"display: flex; align-items: center; background-color: #00c4e8; border-radius: 10px; padding: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.3); color: #000;\">\r\n    <div style=\"background-color: #2d0e7f; color: white; width: 60px; height: 60px; border-radius: 50%; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; margin-right: 20px;\">2<\/div>\r\n    <div style=\"font-size: 18px;\">You will be able to receive informational and consultation services from the Association's experts free of charge.<\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div style=\"display: flex; align-items: center; background-color: #00c4e8; border-radius: 10px; padding: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.3); color: #000;\">\r\n    <div style=\"background-color: #2d0e7f; color: white; width: 60px; height: 60px; border-radius: 50%; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; margin-right: 20px;\">3<\/div>\r\n    <div style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Participation in Events.<\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div style=\"display: flex; align-items: center; background-color: #00c4e8; border-radius: 10px; padding: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.3); color: #000;\">\r\n    <div style=\"background-color: #2d0e7f; color: white; width: 60px; height: 60px; border-radius: 50%; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; margin-right: 20px;\">4<\/div>\r\n    <div style=\"font-size: 18px;\">You will have the opportunity to participate in events organized by the Association, either free of charge or at discounted rates.<\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div style=\"display: flex; align-items: center; background-color: #00c4e8; border-radius: 10px; padding: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.3); color: #000;\">\r\n    <div style=\"background-color: #2d0e7f; color: white; width: 60px; height: 60px; border-radius: 50%; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; margin-right: 20px;\">5<\/div>\r\n    <div style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Receiving Support.<\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div style=\"display: flex; align-items: center; background-color: #00c4e8; border-radius: 10px; padding: 20px; box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.3); color: #000;\">\r\n    <div style=\"background-color: #2d0e7f; color: white; width: 60px; height: 60px; border-radius: 50%; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; margin-right: 20px;\">6<\/div>\r\n    <div style=\"font-size: 18px;\">All members have the opportunity to use the Association's infrastructure and information resources to implement their activities.<\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-828f8e3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"828f8e3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7278d55 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7278d55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">News<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96cd53d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"96cd53d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-143d9cc elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"143d9cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 id=\"elementor-tab-title-2121\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2121\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">The Impact of Tariffs on Chinese Electric Vehicles: A New Phase of European-Chinese Relations<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h6>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2121\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2121\"><p>As of March 2025, the European Union has not imposed any new tariffs on Chinese electric<br \/>vehicles, other than those introduced in October 2024. However, these tariffs continue to<br \/>affect the EV market in Europe and have various effects.<br \/>Impact on sales and production: In February 2025, sales of electric vehicles in China were up<br \/>76% year-on-year, while Europe saw a 19% increase. However, some Chinese brands, such<br \/>as MG, experienced a decline in sales in Europe due to new tariffs. At the same time, BYD<br \/>continues to strengthen its position in the European market, despite the imposed duties.<br \/>Manufacturers&amp;#39; response: Several automakers, including Tesla and BMW, have filed lawsuits<br \/>against the European Commission challenging the tariffs imposed on electric vehicles<br \/>manufactured in China. They claim that these duties restrict competition and negatively<br \/>affect their business in Europe.<br \/>Negotiations between the EU and China: China and the European Union agreed to resume<br \/>negotiations on tariffs on electric vehicles. The goal of these negotiations is to create a<br \/>favorable environment for investment and cooperation between Chinese and European<br \/>companies.<br \/>Conclusion: Although new tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles were not introduced in March<br \/>2025, the previously imposed duties continue to affect the market, causing changes in<br \/>manufacturers&amp;#39; strategies and stimulating negotiations between the EU and China to resolve<br \/>trade disputes.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96d0079 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"96d0079\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb90043 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"eb90043\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 id=\"elementor-tab-title-2471\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2471\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">US, China, Russia: how major players are changing global economic forecasts<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h6>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2471\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2471\"><p>The International Monetary Fund has released an updated review in which it has improved<br \/>its assessment of global economic growth. In 2023, global growth was 3.1%, 0.1 percentage<br \/>points higher than previously estimated. A similar figure of 3.1% is forecast for 2024, which<br \/>is 0.2 percentage points higher than the previous forecast. For 2025, the expected growth is<br \/>3.2%.<br \/>What&amp;#39;s behind the update:<br \/>The main reason for the improved forecast is the higher-than-expected economic resilience<br \/>of the United States, as well as positive results in emerging markets. Government support<br \/>for the economy in China also played a significant role.<br \/>Details on key countries:<br \/>&#8211; USA: GDP is expected to grow by 2.1% in 2024, driven by lower inflation and strong<br \/>consumption.<br \/>&#8211; China: The economic growth forecast for 2024 has been raised to 4.6%, partly due to<br \/>government stimulus measures.<br \/>&#8211; Russia: The IMF has significantly increased its estimate of GDP growth in 2024 to 2.6%<br \/>(previously 1.1%). This is due to high spending on the defense industry and strong domestic<br \/>demand, supported by rising wages amid a labor shortage.<br \/>Inflationary trends:<\/p><p>Global inflation is projected to continue to decline to 5.8% in 2024 and 4.4% in 2025. The<br \/>IMF expects that macroeconomic policy will gradually shift toward easing, as the threat of a<br \/>\u201chard landing\u201d in the economy is now diminishing.<br \/>The main task for politicians:<br \/>The IMF believes that the priority for the near future is to maintain the course of finally<br \/>reducing inflation to its target, while adjusting monetary policy without creating additional<br \/>shocks to the economy.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b15afb0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b15afb0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58375e3 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"58375e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 id=\"elementor-tab-title-9251\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9251\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Vulnerability of digital infrastructure: CrowdStrike and the global disruption of 2024<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h6>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9251\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9251\"><p>On July 19, 2024, cybersecurity company CrowdStrike released an update to its Falcon<br \/>Sensor software that caused massive disruptions to computers running the Microsoft<br \/>Windows operating system. As a result, about 8.5 million systems went down, causing<br \/>significant disruption to businesses and government agencies around the world.<br \/>The main consequences of the failure:<br \/>&#8211; Aviation and transportation: Airports experienced significant disruption, leading to flight<br \/>cancellations and delays.<br \/>&#8211; Financial sector: Banks and ATMs were out of service, limiting customers&amp;#39; access to<br \/>financial services.<br \/>&#8211; Healthcare: Hospitals and medical institutions faced interruptions in the operation of<br \/>electronic systems, which complicated the provision of medical services.<br \/>&#8211; Industry: Manufacturing companies stopped working due to the failure of computer<br \/>systems.<br \/>Although CrowdStrike quickly identified the problem and released a patch, many systems<br \/>required manual intervention to recover, which extended downtime. The total financial loss<br \/>from the incident is estimated to be at least USD 10 billion.<br \/>The incident highlighted the importance of thoroughly testing software updates and the<br \/>need for robust crisis response plans.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9b67ac e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e9b67ac\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cd0346 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"0cd0346\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 id=\"elementor-tab-title-1341\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1341\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u201cGlobal trade in 2024: a new era of tariffs and geo-economic tensions\u201d<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h6>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1341\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1341\"><p>In 2024, the global economy has undergone significant changes, especially in the context of<br \/>trade relations between the European Union (EU), the United States of America (US) and<br \/>China. The main developments include:<br \/>US-China trade relations:<br \/>&#8211; Tariff increases: In May 2024, President Joe Biden&amp;#39;s administration increased tariffs on<br \/>Chinese goods, including electric vehicles, solar panels, steel, and aluminum. Tariffs on<br \/>electric vehicles increased to 100%, on solar panels to 50%, and on steel and aluminum to<br \/>25%.<br \/>&#8211; China&amp;#39;s response: China retaliated by imposing its own tariffs on U.S. goods and restricting<br \/>exports of critical rare earths, which are key to electronics manufacturing.<br \/>EU-China relations:<br \/>&#8211; Tariffs on electric vehicles: In June 2024, the EU imposed tariffs on imports of Chinese<br \/>electric vehicles, which caused tensions between Brussels and Beijing.<br \/>&#8211; Subsidy investigations: In March 2025, the European Commission initiated an investigation<br \/>into the possible receipt of unfair government subsidies by the Chinese automaker BYD,<br \/>which could distort competition in the European market.<br \/>Economic indicators and forecasts:<br \/>&#8211; US trade deficit: In 2024, the US trade deficit with China amounted to $295.4 billion, up<br \/>5.8% from 2023. The deficit with the EU also increased by 12.9%, reaching $235.6 billion.<br \/>&#8211; EU economic growth: Real GDP growth in the EU is projected at 0.9% in 2024, with an<br \/>expected increase to 1.5% in 2025.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a0e79b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0a0e79b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58c9ef1 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"58c9ef1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 id=\"elementor-tab-title-9311\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9311\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u201cThree continents, one challenge: how the US, Europe and China are shaping the economic landscape in 2023\u201d<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h6>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9311\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9311\"><p>\u200b In 2023, the global economy faced a number of challenges that increased the risk of a<br \/>global recession. According to a World Bank study, the simultaneous increase in interest<br \/>rates by central banks to fight inflation could have brought the world closer to recession and<br \/>triggered financial crises in developing countries.<br \/>Regional challenges:<br \/>&#8211; United States: Aggressive interest rate hikes by the Federal Reserve to curb inflation have<br \/>raised fears of a possible downturn in the US economy.<br \/>&#8211; Europe: The energy crisis caused by geopolitical tensions has led to higher energy prices<br \/>and inflation in the euro area. In October 2022, inflation in Germany reached 11.7%, the<br \/>highest level since 1951.<br \/>&#8211; China: The slowdown in economic growth due to problems in the real estate market and<br \/>the effects of the \u201czero COVID\u201d policy have raised concerns about the stability of the world&amp;#39;s<br \/>second largest economy.<br \/>Forecasts and estimates:<br \/>In December 2022, the Center for Economic and Business Research (CEBR) predicted that<br \/>the global economy would face a recession in 2023. At the same time, some analysts<br \/>believed that a global recession could be avoided, but the world would likely experience<br \/>significantly lower growth rates of about 2.1% in 2023.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c98368e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c98368e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e333e0 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"2e333e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 id=\"elementor-tab-title-4841\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-4841\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u201cLessons from the 2022 crisis: what businesses and investors should know\u201d<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h6>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-4841\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-4841\"><p>In 2022, the global economy faced a number of challenges that had a significant impact on<br \/>business and financial markets:<br \/>Slowdown in economic growth: According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), global<br \/>growth slowed from 6.0% in 2021 to 3.2% in 2022. This was due to factors such as rising<br \/>inflation, tightening financial conditions, and geopolitical tensions.<br \/>Rising inflation: Inflation reached record levels in many countries. For example, in the euro<br \/>area, inflation reached 8.1% in May 2022, the highest rate since the eurozone was created.<br \/>This was caused by rising energy and food prices.<br \/>Fears of a recession: The World Bank warned in September 2022 that simultaneous interest<br \/>rate hikes by central banks to fight inflation could bring the world closer to a global<br \/>recession in 2023.<br \/>Falling stock markets: In 2022, many stock indices suffered significant losses. For example,<br \/>the S&amp;amp;P 500 index fell by 19% for the year, the worst result since 2008.<br \/>Impact on developed and emerging markets: Emerging market economies have been under<br \/>particular pressure from rising borrowing costs and capital outflows, which have<br \/>complicated their efforts to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/p><p>These developments have highlighted the importance of businesses and financial<br \/>institutions adapting to rapidly changing economic conditions and the need to develop<br \/>strategies to mitigate risks associated with inflation, geopolitical tensions, and potential<br \/>recession.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c89054d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c89054d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-911afba elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"911afba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 id=\"elementor-tab-title-1521\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1521\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u201cEconomic reset: how the world adapted in 2021\u201d<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h6>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1521\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1521\"><p>In 2021, the global economy underwent significant changes caused by the effects of the<br \/>COVID-19 pandemic and other factors. Here are the main business and financial<br \/>developments of the year:<br \/>Economic growth:<br \/>&#8211; According to the World Bank, global growth accelerated to 5.6% in 2021, driven mainly by<br \/>strong recoveries in major economies such as the United States and China.<br \/>Inflation:<br \/>&#8211; In the second half of 2021, many countries faced a significant increase in inflation, partly<br \/>caused by pandemic disruptions and an increase in the money supply.<br \/>Risks of stagflation:<br \/>&#8211; The World Bank has warned of a growing risk of stagflation due to a sharp slowdown in<br \/>growth and rising inflation.<br \/>Stock markets:<br \/>&#8211; Stock markets showed volatility due to concerns about inflation and economic recovery.<br \/>For example, UK retail sales unexpectedly fell by 0.9% in August 2021, indicating a shift in<br \/>consumer spending.<br \/>Evergreen crisis:<br \/>&#8211; In August 2021, Chinese real estate developer Evergrande faced a liquidity crisis with over<br \/>$300 billion in debt, raising concerns about the stability of the Chinese real estate market<br \/>and the potential impact on the global economy.<br \/>These developments highlight the complexity and interconnectedness of the factors<br \/>affecting the global economy in 2021 and the importance of businesses and financial<br \/>institutions adapting to rapidly changing conditions.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd9141d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cd9141d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15a7e8d elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"15a7e8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 id=\"elementor-tab-title-2271\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2271\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u201cFinancial markers for 2019: weak growth, debt and negative rates\u201d<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h6>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2271\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2271\"><p>In 2019, the global economy faced a number of challenges and events that had a significant<br \/>impact on business and financial markets. Here are the main ones:<br \/>Slowdown in global economic growth: The International Monetary Fund (IMF) lowered its<br \/>global economic growth forecast for 2019 to 3.3%, down from its previous estimate of 3.5%.<br \/>This was due to factors such as trade tensions and geopolitical risks.<br \/>Trade war between the US and China: During the year, tensions between the US and China<br \/>continued, leading to the introduction of reciprocal tariffs on goods. This resulted in a<br \/>slowdown in global economic growth and a decline in investment activity.<br \/>Growth of corporate debt: Global corporate debt increased to 92% of gross world product,<br \/>which amounted to about $72 trillion. This raised concerns about financial stability, as much<br \/>of this debt was concentrated in companies with low credit ratings.<br \/>Negative interest rates: In 2019, the volume of bonds with negative yields reached a record<br \/>$17 trillion, reflecting strong demand for safe assets and concerns about future economic<br \/>growth.<br \/>Political instability and its impact on the economy: Political instability in various regions,<br \/>including the protests in Hong Kong, the crisis in Argentina, and Brexit tensions, contributed<br \/>to increased uncertainty in financial markets and affected investment decisions.<br \/>These developments highlight the complexity and interconnectedness of the factors<br \/>affecting the global economy in 2019 and the importance of businesses and financial<br \/>institutions adapting to a rapidly changing environment.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15d0074 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"15d0074\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f38c65 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"9f38c65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 id=\"elementor-tab-title-1661\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u201c2018: A year of economic growth and global challenges\u201d<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h6>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1661\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1661\"><p>In 2018, the global economy faced a number of significant business and financial events:<br \/>Economic growth: According to the World Bank&amp;#39;s forecasts, global growth in 2018 was<br \/>expected to reach 3.1%, indicating a steady recovery from the financial crisis.<br \/>Trade tensions: The United States initiated tariffs on steel and aluminum imports, which led<br \/>to retaliatory measures by China and other countries. This increased fears of a possible<br \/>global trade conflict.<br \/>Stock market volatility: Stock markets experienced significant fluctuations, in particular due<br \/>to fears of trade wars and rising interest rates. The Dow Jones Industrial Average and the<br \/>S&amp;amp;P 500 showed a decline of about 10% for the year.<br \/>Chinese economy: China faced a slowdown in economic growth, partly due to trade tensions<br \/>with the US, which affected global supply chains and investment.<br \/>These events highlighted the complexity and interconnectedness of the global economy, as<br \/>well as the importance of international cooperation to maintain stability and growth.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ac5640 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6ac5640\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ed69a8 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"1ed69a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 id=\"elementor-tab-title-3231\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3231\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u201cA year of growth: how the global economy gained momentum in 2017\u201d<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h6>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3231\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3231\"><p>In 2017, the global economy showed signs of synchronized recovery, although certain risks<br \/>and challenges remained.<br \/>Economic growth: The International Monetary Fund (IMF) forecasted global economic<br \/>growth of 3.6% in 2017, indicating an increase in economic activity compared to the<br \/>previous year.<br \/>Improvements in the Eurozone: The eurozone economy showed positive trends: 14<br \/>consecutive quarters of growth, a decline in the unemployment rate to single digits, and the<br \/>highest level of economic expectations in six years.<br \/>Stock market growth: Global equity markets grew significantly, with the MSCI index, which<br \/>covers exchanges in 47 countries, rising 22%, adding almost $9 trillion.<br \/>Risks and challenges: Despite the positive trends, there were concerns about rising<br \/>corporate debt levels, especially in China, where the loan-to-GDP ratio exceeded the long-<br \/>term trend by 25%.<br \/>Thus, 2017 was marked by a synchronized recovery of the global economy, although certain<br \/>risks related to debt and geopolitical factors remained..<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7fcab0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c7fcab0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce7a709 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ce7a709\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">New doors are opening for growth and success.\n<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90577da elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"90577da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8fb2c0 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"a8fb2c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-lg elementor-animation-grow\" href=\"https:\/\/white-dinosaur-207102.hostingersite.com\/joining\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">JOINING THE ASSOTIATION<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7ec06c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d7ec06c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07f0bad elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"07f0bad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00a9 2025 IBFA\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Menu Home Documents Members Joining Contacts Spanish International Business &#038; Finance Association \u041e\u0431&#8217;\u0454\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0454\u043c\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u0431\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441-\u043b\u0456\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0456\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f\u043c, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044e \u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0443 \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0456 JOINING THE ASSOTIATION About the Association The International Business and Finance Association is an international non-profit organization established in 2017. It brings together leaders and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_canvas","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibfaworld.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibfaworld.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibfaworld.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibfaworld.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibfaworld.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9"}],"version-history":[{"count":112,"href":"https:\/\/ibfaworld.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":487,"href":"https:\/\/ibfaworld.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9\/revisions\/487"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibfaworld.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}